Saliva electrophoretic protein profiles in infants: changes with age and impact of teeth eruption and diet transition

Objective

The objective of this study was to describe the changes in salivary protein profiles in infants between the ages of 3 and 6 months, and to evaluate the impact of teeth eruption and introduction of solid foods on such profiles.

Design

73 infants were followed longitudinally at 3 and 6 months of age. Their whole saliva proteins were separated by SDS–PAGE electrophoresis and semi-quantified by image analysis. Amylase activity was also measured on a sub-sample of the population (n = 42 infants). Bands which abundance was significantly different between the two ages according to paired comparisons were identified by mass spectrometry techniques.

Results

Out of 21 bands, 13 were significantly different between 3 and 6 months of age. Two short variants of amylase increased in abundance with age, as did amylase activity. Other changes possibly translated developmental physiological events, for example maturation of the adaptive immune system. The balance between S-type cystatins and cystatins A and B was modified, in favour of S-type cystatins at 6 months of age. Teeth eruption resulted in an increase in albumin abundance, whilst introduction of solid foods was associated with higher levels of β-2 microglobulin and S-type cystatins.

Conclusions

Salivary profiles were modified substantially between the ages of 3 and 6 months. Both teeth eruption and diet had an impact on abundance changes for some proteins, revealing dynamic interactions between saliva proteome, oral physiology and diet.     

广东省东莞市2012—2018年黄金海岸沙门菌临床分离株的病原学特征

目的 通过分析2012—2018年东莞市黄金海岸沙门菌临床分离株的病原学特征,为早期发现该罕见血清型沙门菌引起的聚集病例的及时干预和控制提供病原学依据。方法 对东莞市2012—2018年食源性疾病监测中分离的30株黄金海岸沙门菌临床分离株进行复核鉴定、血清分型、抗生素敏感性试验和脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）的分子分型。结果 30株黄金海岸沙门菌抗原式均为6,8∶r∶l,w,每年菌株数量的构成比有随年度增加而增高的趋势,且差异有统计学意义（χ²=19.67,P<0.05）。东莞市黄金海岸沙门菌对磺胺异噁唑、四环素、复方新诺明、氯霉素、链霉素的耐药率较高,分别为90.0%、90.0%、80.0%、80.0%和76.7%;对头孢他啶、头孢噻肟、头孢吡肟、亚胺培南的敏感率达到100%;对3类及3类以上抗生素耐药的菌株数达到25株,占比为83.33%。30株黄金海岸沙门菌共分为12个PFGE 型,其中2种PFGE型包含条带的相似率为100%的谱型分别为DG-GC06型15株和DG-GC12型3株。结论 东莞市黄金海岸沙门菌的构成比在2012—2018年间呈逐年上升趋势,多重耐药现象严重,且存在潜在暴发现象,应加强暴发发现、流行病学调查及耐药监测。     

黄斑部视网膜浅层毛细血管密度对特发性黄斑裂孔患者术后裂孔愈合的影响

目的　观察特发性黄斑裂孔患者手术前后黄斑部视网膜浅层毛细血管密度的变化,寻找各变化量之间的相关性及对术后裂孔愈合情况的影响。方法　前瞻性病例对照研究。纳入2019年8月至2020年6月就诊于海南医学院第一附属医院眼科10例确诊为特发性黄斑裂孔的患者作为黄斑裂孔组,收集13位年龄性别匹配的正常视力健康人作为对照组。黄斑裂孔组行玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥离及填塞术。对照组、黄斑裂孔组术前、术后1个月行黄斑区光学相干断层扫描（optical coherence tomography,OCT）及光学相干断层扫描血管成像（optical coherence tomography angiography,OCTA）检查。将术后愈合类型分为U型、V型、不规则型和不愈合型4种类型。观察两组术前和术后黄斑区视网膜浅层毛细血管密度变化及组间差异;并探索和术后裂孔愈合类型的相关性。结果　黄斑裂孔组术前、术后与对照组之间视网膜浅层毛细血管长度密度（retinal vessel densities of the superficial capillary plexus,VSCP）差异均无统计学意义（均为P>0.05）。黄斑裂孔组术后颞侧视网膜浅层毛细血管灌注密度（retinal perfusion densities of the superficial capillary plexus,PSCP）较术前变小,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,其余象限PSCP与术前差异均无统计学意义（均为P>0.05）;黄斑裂孔组术前、术后PSCP较对照组均减小,差异均有统计学意义（均为P<0.05）。黄斑裂孔组术前PSCP和术后PSCP呈正相关（r=0.721,P<0.05）。裂孔愈合类型和术后PSCP有相关性（r=-0.737,P<0.05）,和术后VSCP无相关性（r=-0.533,P>0.05）。结论　PSCP比VSCP更能反映黄斑部视网膜解剖结构的变化和术后裂孔愈合的情况;术后PSCP越大,裂孔愈合形态越接近U型愈合,可以将PSCP用于评价和预测术后裂孔的愈合情况。     

系统性红斑狼疮患者黄斑区视网膜微血管变化特征

目的：利用高分辨率光学相干断层扫描血管成像技术（OCTA）探究系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）患者黄斑区 视网膜微血管形态的早期变化特征。方法：系列病例研究。收集2018年5─11月在温州医科大学附属 第二医院风湿免疫科门诊就诊的SLE患者31例（62眼）,分为狼疮性视网膜病（LR）组10例（17眼）和 非狼疮性视网膜病（NLR）组24例（45眼）。同时招募与疾病组年龄、性别匹配的正常成年人35例（35眼） 作为正常对照组。应用OCTA对所有受检者黄斑区视网膜行3 mm×3 mm模式扫描,获得黄斑区浅 层及深层视网膜微血管图像,并用本实验室自行编写的分析程序将视网膜血流灌注图进行骨架化分 析,获得去除中央无血管区（FAZ,0.6 mm）的总环区域（TAZ）以及进一步4分区（S、T、I、N）的浅 层及深层视网膜骨架化毛细血管密度（RCD）。此外,以系统性红斑狼疮疾病活动度评分（SLEDAI） 对疾病组进行评分。采用独立样本t检验和方差分析等进行数据分析。结果：在浅层视网膜TAZ区 域以及S、T、I、N各分区,NLR组和LR组的RCD值均低于正常对照组,且LR组相较于NLR组更低, 这些差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。在深层视网膜,3组之间的差异不如浅层明显,仅发现LR组在N 区域的RCD值较NLR组明显下降（P=0.022）,且LR组在除T外其他3个分区的RCD值均较正常对照组 明显下降（P<0.05）。此外,LR组的SLEDAI评分显著高于NLR组（P=0.006）,且LR组的SLE并发症, 如狼疮性肾炎和神经精神性狼疮的发生率均更高（分别为50% vs. 25%,10% vs. 4%）。结论：OCTA能 有效检测SLE患者黄斑区视网膜微血管形态的早期改变。SLE患者无明显眼底及视力损伤时,浅层视 网膜RCD即发生显著性改变,推测其可能可以作为监测SLE视网膜损害的早期生物学特征。     

氯己定作用后金黄色葡萄球菌电泳图谱的变化

通过观察最小抑菌浓度 (MIC)氯己定作用后金黄色葡萄球菌菌体蛋白质SDS -PAGE(十二烷基磺酸钠 -聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 )图谱的改变 ,以研究消毒剂抑菌机理及寻找抑菌靶蛋白。采用MIC试验法和SDS -PAGE电泳法 ,观察不同凝胶浓度下 ,氯己定与无氯己定作用下菌体蛋白质的SDS -PAGE图谱差异。结果 ,在不同凝胶浓度的SDS -PAGE中 ,氯己定MIC作用下共发现有明显变化的蛋白带六条 (分别位于 2 0 .1KD、31KD、4 3KD、97.4KD左右处 )。结论 ,根据菌体蛋白SDS -PAGE图谱的改变 ,提示在氯己定MIC作用下 ,有明显的菌体蛋白合成量的改变。     

Capillary transit time heterogeneity and flow-metabolism coupling after traumatic brain injury

Most patients who die after traumatic brain injury (TBI) show evidence of ischemic brain damage. Nevertheless, it has proven difficult to demonstrate cerebral ischemia in TBI patients. After TBI, both global and localized changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) are observed, depending on the extent of diffuse brain swelling and the size and location of contusions and hematoma. These changes vary considerably over time, with most TBI patients showing reduced CBF during the first 12 hours after injury, then hyperperfusion, and in some patients vasospasms before CBF eventually normalizes. This apparent neurovascular uncoupling has been ascribed to mitochondrial dysfunction, hindered oxygen diffusion into tissue, or microthrombosis. Capillary compression by astrocytic endfeet swelling is observed in biopsies acquired from TBI patients. In animal models, elevated intracranial pressure compresses capillaries, causing redistribution of capillary flows into patterns argued to cause functional shunting of oxygenated blood through the capillary bed. We used a biophysical model of oxygen transport in tissue to examine how capillary flow disturbances may contribute to the profound changes in CBF after TBI. The analysis suggests that elevated capillary transit time heterogeneity can cause critical reductions in oxygen availability in the absence of ‘classic'' ischemia. We discuss diagnostic and therapeutic consequences of these predictions.